Monitoring of Biochemical Compounds and Fatty Acid in Marine Microalgae from the East Coast of Thailand

Kwanchayanawish  MACHANA; Amonrat  KANOKRUNG; Sirinart  SRICHAN; Boonyadist  VONGSAK; Maliwan  KUTAKO; Ekarin  SIAFHA

doi:10.48048/wjst.2020.4645

Authors

Kwanchayanawish MACHANA Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
Amonrat KANOKRUNG The Institute of Marine Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
Sirinart SRICHAN Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Boonyadist VONGSAK Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
Maliwan KUTAKO Faculty of Marine Technology, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
Ekarin SIAFHA Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.4645

Keywords:

Marine microalgae, Biochemical compounds, East coast of Thailand, Fatty Acid, FT-IR

Abstract

Determinations of fatty acid profiles of five microalgae; Amphora sp., Chaetoceros sp., Melosira sp., Bellerochae sp., and Lithodesmium sp., from the east coast of Thailand were evaluated by conventional Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The results exhibited that the fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production were the most frequent entities encountered in all microalgae profiles. The GC chromatogram of fatty acid profiles in microalgae showed that both Amphora sp. and Chaetoceros sp. comprised essential omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Additionally, this study assessed whether Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy could be used to evaluate and monitor the biochemical compositions of microalgae, including lipid, carbohydrate, and protein profiles, by using colorimetric methods. Results showed that FT-IR spectra combined with biochemical values of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein contents were used as predictive models generated by partial least square (PLS) regression. Cross-validation of the lipid, protein, and carbohydrate models showed high degrees of statistical accuracy with RMSECV values of approximately 0.5 - 3.22 %, and a coefficient of regression between the actual and predicted values of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins were 92.66, 95.73, and 96.43 %, respectively. The RPD values were all high (> 3), indicating good predictive accuracy. This study suggested that FT-IR could be a tool for the simultaneous measurement of microalgae composition of biochemical contents in microalgae cells.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Kwanchayanawish MACHANA, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Burapha university

References

HMD Wang, CC Chen, P Huynh and JS Chang. Exploring the potential of using algae in cosmetics. Bioresour Technol. 2015; 184, 355-62.

FJ Barba. Microalgae and seaweeds for food applications: Challenges and perspectives. Food Res. Int. 2017; 99, 969-70.

X Ping. Environmental problems and green lifestyles in Thailand. Assumption University. Available at: http://www.nanzan-u.ac.jp/English/aseaccu/venue/pdf/2011_05.pdf, accessed April 2017.

KL Brown, KI Twing and DL Robertson. Unraveling the regulation of nitrogen assimilation in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (Bacillariophyceae): diurnal variations in transcript levels for five genes involved in nitrogen assimilation. J. Phycol. 2009; 45, 413-26.

GGN Thushari, S Chavanich and A Yakupitiyage. Coastal debris analysis in beaches of Chonburi province, eastern of Thailand as implications for coastal conservation. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2017; 116, 121-9.

V Patil, KQ Tran and HR Giselrød. Towards sustainable production of biofuels from microalgae. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2008; 9, 1188-95.

MT Brett and DC Müller-Navarra. The role of highly unsaturated fatty acids in aquatic food web processes. Freshwater Biol. 1997; 38, 483-99.

E Broglio, SH Jónasdóttir, A Calbet, HH Jakobsen and E Saiz. Effect of heterotrophic versus autotrophic food on feeding and reproduction of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa: relationship with prey fatty acid composition. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 2003; 31, 267-78.

M Kainz, MT Arts and A Mazumder. Essential fatty acids in the planktonic food web and their ecological role for higher trophic levels. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2004; 49, 1784-93.

ABS Diekmann, MA Peck, L Holste, MA St John and RW Campbell. Variation in diatom biochemical composition during a simulated bloom and its effect on copepod production. J. Plankton Res. 2009; 31, 1391-405.

M Palmucci, S Ratti and M Giordono. Ecological and evolutionary implications of carbon allocation in marine phytoplankton as a function of nitrogen availability: A fourier transform infrared spectroscopy approch. J. Phycol. 2011; 47, 313-23.

R Miglio, S Palmery, M Salvalaggio, L Carnelli, F Capuano and R Borrelli. Microalgae triacylglyceols content by FT-IR spectroscopy. J. Appl. Phycol. 2013; 25, 1621-31.

Y Chen and S Vaidyanathan. Simultaneous assay of pigments, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in microalgae. Anal. Chim. Acta 2013; 776, 31-40.

G Breuer, WAC Evers, JH de Vree, DMM Kleinegris, DE Martens, RH Wijffels and PP Lamers. Analysis of fatty acid content and composition in microalgae. J. Vis. Exp. 2013; 80, 1-9.

WE Huang, M Li, RM Jarvis, R Goodacre and SA Banwart. Shining light on the microbial world: The application of raman microspectroscopy. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 2010; 70, 153-86.

C Koch, M Brandstetter, P Wechselberger, B Lorantfy, MR Plata, S Radel, C Herwig and B Lendl. Ultrasound-enhanced attenuated total reflection mid-infrared spectroscopy in-line probe: Acquisition of cell spectra in a bioreactor. Anal. Chem. 2015; 87, 2314-20.

N Kobayashi, EA Noel, A Barnes, J Rosenberg, C DiRusso, P Black and GA Oyler. Rapid detection and quantification of triacylglycerol by HPLC–ELSD in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella strains. Lipids 2013; 48, 1035-49.

RK Byrd. 2015, Real-time Spectroscopic Analysis of Microalgal Adaptation to Changing Environmental Conditions. Master’s Thesis, University of Tennessee, Tennessee, United States.

YS Cheng, Y Zheng and JSV Gheynst. Rapid quantitative analysis of lipid using a colorimetric method in a microplate format. Lipids 2011; 46, 95-103.

S Machana, N Weerapreeyakul, S Barusrux, K Thumanu and W Tanthanuch. FTIR microspectroscopy discriminates anticancer action on human leukemic cells by extracts of Pinus kesiya; Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum and melphalan. Talanta 2012; 15, 371-82.

AP Dean, DC Sigee, B Estrada and JK Pittman. Using FTIR spectroscopy for rapid determination of lipid accumulation in response to nitrogen limitation in freshwater microalgae. Bioresource Technol. 2010; 101, 4499-507.

JP Conzen. Multivariate Kalibration: Ein praktischer leitfaden zur methodenentwicklung in der quantitativen analytik. 4th ed. Ettlingen, 2005.

C Sukkasem, T Machikowa, W Tanthanuch and S Wonprasaid. Rapid chemometric method for the determination of oleic and linoleic acid in sunflower seeds by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2015; 42, 930-8.

JJ Mayers, KJ Flynn and RJ Shields. Rapid determination of bulk microalgal biochemical composition by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Bioresource Technol. 2013; 148, 215-20.

NI Hendey. An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Water. Part V. Bacillariophyceae (diatom). Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Investigations, Series 4, 1964, p. 317.

L Wongrat. Phytoplankton (in Thai). Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok, 1999, p. 815.

Y Meng, C Yao, S Xue and H Yang. Application of fourier infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in determination of microalgal compositions. Bioresource Technol. 2014; 151, 347-54.

T Driver, AK Bajhaiya, JW Allwood, R Goodacre, JK Pittman and AP Dean. Metabolic responses of eukaryotic microalgae to environmental stress limit the ability of FT-IR spectroscopy for species identification. Algal Res. 2015; 11, 148-55.

NN Sushchik, MI Gladyshev and EA Ivanova. Seasonal distribution and fatty acid composition of littoral microalgae in the Yenisei River. J. Appl. Phycol. 2010; 22, 11.

GS Costard, RR Machado, E Barbarino, RC Martino and SO Lourenço. Chemical composition of five marine microalgae that occur on the Brazilian coast. Int. J. Fish. Aquaculture 2012; 4, 191-201.

SH Goh, NB Alitheen, FM Yusoff, SK Yap and SP Loh. Crude ethyl acetate extract of marine microalga, Chaetoceros calcitrans, induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Pharmacogn. Mag. 2014; 10, 1-8.

KB Kim, YA Nam, HS Kim, AW Hayes and BM Lee. α-Linolenic acid: Nutraceutical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2014; 70, 163-78.

AL Shaari, M Surif, FA Latiff, WMW Omar and MN Ahmad. Monitoring of water quality and microalgae species composition of penaeus monodon ponds in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Trop. Life Sci. Res. 2011; 22, 51-69.

IDB Moussa, K Athmouni, H Chtourou, H Ayadi, S Sayadi and A Dhouib. Phycoremediation potential, physiological, and biochemical response of Amphora subtropica and Dunaliella sp. to nickel pollution. J. Appl. Phycol. 2018; 30, 931-41.

C Jebsen, A Norici, H Wagner, M Palmucci, M Giorgano and C Wilhelm. FTIR spectra of algae species can be used as physiological fingerprints to assess their actual growth potential. Physiol. Plant 2010; 146, 427-38.

BM Nicolai, K Beullens, E Bobelyn, A Peirs, W Saeys, KI Theron and J Lammertyn. Non-destructive measurement of fruit and vegetable quality by means of NIR spectroscopy: A review. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2007; 46, 99-118.