Effects of Water Temperature on the White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Postlarvae Litopenaeus vannamei

Sutee WONGMANEEPRATEEP; Puttharat BAOPRASERTKUL; Piyanuch PROMPAMORN; Kanittada THONGKAO; Chalor LIMSUWAN; Niti CHUCHIRD

Authors

Sutee WONGMANEEPRATEEP Aquaculture Business Research Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900
Puttharat BAOPRASERTKUL Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute, Department of Fisheries, Bangkok 10900
Piyanuch PROMPAMORN Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110
Kanittada THONGKAO Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110
Chalor LIMSUWAN Aquaculture Business Research Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900
Niti CHUCHIRD Aquaculture Business Research Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900

Keywords:

White spot syndrome virus, temperature, infection, Litopenaeus vannamei, postlarvae

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of high water temperature (32 ± 1 °C) on the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL₁₅). WSSV challenge was done by immersion. One group of PL₁₅ was continuously maintained at 32 ± 1 °C until the end of the experiment after challenge and a control group of PL₁₅ was constantly maintained at 28 ± 1 °C until the end of the experiment after challenge. Other groups were kept at 32 ± 1 °C until temperature was altered from 32 ± 1 °C to 28 ± 1 °C at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after infection. Gross signs and mortality were monitored every 12 h until the end of the experiment. WSSV infections were confirmed by nested-PCR, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and bioassay methods. Challenged shrimp were kept at 32 ± 1 °C for 0, 1, 3 and 5 days before the temperature was reduced to 28 ± 1 °C revealing that maintaining the temperature at 32 ± 1 °C for a longer period could delay clinical signs and onset of mortalities. Nevertheless, 100 % mortalities occurred in all groups and the control group within 7 days. All moribund PL₁₅ were WSSV-positive by nested-PCR assay as well as histopathology, immunohistochemistry and bioassay methods. In contrast, PL₁₅ constantly maintained at 32 ± 1 °C until the end of the experiment, and for 7 days after challenge before switching to 28 ± 1 °C did not show clinical signs and mortality. Surviving PL₁₅ from both groups were WSSV-negative by nested-PCR assay as well as histopathology, immunohistochemistry and bioassay methods. This study clearly indicated that postlarvae maintained constantly at 32 ± 1 °C for 7 days were able to eliminate/clear WSSV infection.

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