From Natural Rubber to Smart Surfaces

Sureurg KHONGTONG

Authors

Sureurg KHONGTONG School of Engineering and Resources Management, Walailak University, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, 80161

Keywords:

Smart surfaces, Surface oxidation, Natural rubber, Surface energy, Surface reconstruction, Crosslink density

Abstract

Surface oxidation of crosslinked natural rubber provided a hydrophilic substrate that reconstructed under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature to become more hydrophobic. Subsequent equilibration against water at room temperature returned its original hydrophilicity. This behavior may arise from the minimization of interfacial free energy of the system by the migration of hydrophilic functional groups away from or to the interface. The change in surface moieties, influences tackiness at the rubber surface - it is tackier when functional groups are at the interface rather than when they migrate away. The magnitudes and kinetics of this surface reconstruction depends on the molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) and temperature. The results reported here provide information for further development of smart surfaces from crosslinked natural rubber.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Valint PL Grobe GL McGee JA Ammon DA Rabke CE. Characterization, modification and application of polymer surfaces. In: Mittal KL Lee K (eds). Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces, VSP, The Netherlands, 1997; p. 71-82.

Yaghobi N Mirzadeh H. Optimization of chitin isolation from shrimp shells: Study of parameters influence on chitin deacetylation reaction and biocompatibility evaluation. Iran J Polym Sci Tech 2002; 15: 55-63.

Mirzadeh H Yaghobi N. Preparation of chitosan derived from shrimp’s shell of persian gulf as a blood hemostasis agent. Iran Polym J 2002; 11: 163-8.

Jumpasut P Global NR and SR development in the next decade – Focus on new Asia. Inter Rubb Conf 2004; 1: 27-40.

Khongton S Ferguson GS. The smart adhesion: Entropic control of adhesion at the polymer/metal interface. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124: 7254-5.

Brandrup J Immergut EH Grulke E. Polymer Handbook, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999, p. 897.

Khongtong S Ferguson GS. The integration of bulk and interfacial properties in a polymeric system: Elasticity at a polybutadiene/water interface. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123: 3588-94.

Khongtong S Ferguson GS. The integration of bulk and interfacial properties in a polymeric system 2: Elasticity at a polyisoprene/water interface. Macromolecules 2002; 35: 4023-9.

Khongtong S Ferguson GS. Tunable glue: Rubber elasticity control of adhesion at polymer/metal interface. Walailak J Sci & Tech 2004; 1: 23-8.

Carey DH Grunzinger SJ Ferguson GS. Entropically influenced reconstruction at the PBD-ox/water interface: The role of physical cross-linking and rubber elasticity. Macromolecules 2000; 33: 8802-12.

Ferguson GS Whitesides GM. Thermal reconstruction of the functionalized interface of polyethylene carboxylic acid and its derivatives. In: Schrader ME Leob GI (eds). Modern Approaches in Wettability: Theory and Applications. Plenum, New York, 1992; p. 143-77.

Coran AY. Vulcanization. In: Eirich FR. (ed). Science and Technology of Rubber. Academic Press, New York, 1994; p. 339-65.

Sperling LH. Introduction to Physical Polymer Science. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992. p. 428-9.

Alger M. Polymer Science Dictionary, 2nd ed. Chapman & Hal, New York, 1997, p. 374. 15) Carey DH Ferguson GS. Synthesis and characterization of surface-functionalized 1,2-polybutadiene bearing hydroxyl or carboxylic acid groups. Macromolecules 1994; 27: 7254-66.

Silverstein RM Bassler GC Morrill TC. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compound, 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991, p. 214-5.

Rouse JH Twaddle PL Ferguson GS. Frustrated reconstruction at the surface of a glassy polymer. Macromolecules 1999; 32: 1665-71.

Chen W McCarthy TJ. Adsorption/migration of a perfluorohexylated fullerene from the bulk to the polymer/air interface. Macromolecules 1999; 32: 2342-7.

Wang J Mao G Ober CK Kramer EJ. Liquid crystalline, semifluorinated side group block copolymers with stable low energy surfaces: Synthesis, liquid crystalline structure, and critical surface tension. Macromolecules 1997; 30: 1906-14.