Prevalence of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV-2) in Smallholder  Pig Farms in Thung-Yai, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand

Vassakorn  KHOPHLOIKLANG; Ladawan  SARIYA; Pornsak  NARA-ARJ; Manta  POOMIKASEMSAK; Kosit  AREEKIT; Nilobol  KAMYUN; Suttida  SANGPOOM; Aekkapot  CHAMKASEM; Dusit  LAOHASINNARONG

doi:10.48048/wjst.2021.6525

Authors

Vassakorn KHOPHLOIKLANG Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80240, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7386-4358
Ladawan SARIYA The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
Pornsak NARA-ARJ Nakhon Si Thammarat Provincial Livestock Office (Thung Yai), Department of Livestock Development, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80000, Thailand
Manta POOMIKASEMSAK Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80240, Thailand
Kosit AREEKIT Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80240, Thailand
Nilobol KAMYUN Department of Mathematics, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4535-4139
Suttida SANGPOOM Division of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
Aekkapot CHAMKASEM Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0813-7987
Dusit LAOHASINNARONG Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9134-8517

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2021.6525

Keywords:

Porcine circovirus type 2, PCV2, Nakhon Si Thammarat, PCR, ORF2, Capsid

Abstract

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which is a member of the Circovirus genus in the family of Circoviridae, is a small non-enveloped, closed-circular ssDNA. The PCV2-associated disease is one of the most important infectious agents on pig productivity worldwide, including China, India, Malaysia, and Thailand. It caused 2 major syndromes; postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). In addition, PCV2 may cause complexity with a pathogenic agent into porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVADs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PCV2 in smallholder farms in Thung Yai district, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. A cross-sectional study was performed; 100 blood samples were collected from 13 smallholder pig farms. The samples were classified into 4 groups based on the pig’s age; gilts, 6 sows, nursery-to-starter, and from growing to finishing pigs. Blood samples were carried out for DNA +extraction and nested-PCR. The epidemiological study showed 9 % positive by genetic detection.

The result suggested that growing-to-finishing pigs had significant PCV2 infection, followed by nursery-to-starter pigs and sow groups. In addition, multiple farms showed a high positive and significant correlation (Cr ≈ 0.245). These results reveal a low prevalence of PCV2 in endemic regions in southern Thailand, which may help in the local control evaluation and eradication programs. Furthermore, the phylogenic study of local strain should be investigated for the occurrence of PCV2 genetic evolution in Thailand and neighboring countries.

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