Evaluation of Piper sarmentosum Leaf Powders as Seed Protectant against Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Stored Rice
Keywords:
Piper sarmentosum, Sitophilus oryzae, seed protectant, stored rice, botanical insecticidesAbstract
The effects of Piper sarmentosum leaf powders were evaluated against adults of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, for their effects on mortality and progeny production. The effects of the plant powders on rice seed germination and seed damage after 3 months of storage were also investigated. The plant powders were applied at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 % (w/w) for the contact/feeding toxicity test, and 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L air for the fumigant toxicity test. In the contact/feeding toxicity test, the plant powders at all concentrations except 0.25 % showed higher toxicity against the insect, with mortality ranging from 95.00 - 100.00 % at 5 d. The concentration of 4 % achieved 100.00 % mortality within a short period of 3 d, while the lowest toxicity (10.00 %) was obtained from the concentration of 0.25 % at 5 d. In the fumigant toxicity test, the highest concentration (0.8 g/L air) was the most toxic to S. oryzae, with mortality of 95.00 % whereas the lowest concentration (0.05 g/L air) was the least toxic (32.50 %) at 3 d. Additionally, P. sarmentosum leaf powders at all concentrations significantly reduced progeny production and weight loss. Complete protection of rice seeds and inhibition of progeny production were observed from the concentrations of 2 and 4 %. Also, all concentrations did not affect seed germination relative to the control, and completely protected seeds from insect infestation after 3 months of storage. The results suggested that P. sarmentosum leaf powders can be promoted for controlling S. oryzae in stored rice seeds.
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