Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of Sawdust/Recycled High Density Polyethylene Composites: Effects of Alkali Treatment and Flame Retardant
Keywords:
Recycled HDPE, sawdust, flame retardants, alkali treatment, compatibilityAbstract
Sawdust/recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) composites were prepared at a sawdust content of 30 wt% using a twin screw extruder. Effects of alkali treatment and flame retardants; ammonium polyphosphate (APP), aluminum trihydrate (ATH) and zinc borate (ZB) on mechanical, flame retarding and morphological properties of the rHDPE composites were investigated. The alkali treatment led to enhanced mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the composite. Tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength of the composites were decreased with the addition of flame retardants while tensile modulus and flame retarding properties were increased. Among the flame retardants, APP exhibited the most effective improvement of flame retardancy of the composite. Moreover, the mechanical and flame retarding properties of the composite were improved in the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene.Downloads
Metrics
References
KB Adhikary, S Pang and MP Staiger. Dimensional stability and mechanical behaviour of wood-plastic composites based on recycled and virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Compos. Part B Eng. 2008; 39, 807-15.
Y Wang, FC Yeh, SM Lai, HC Chan and HF Shen. Effectiveness of functionalized polyolefin as compatibilizers for polyethylene/wood flour composites. Polym. Eng. Sci. 2003; 43, 933-45.
N Lopattananon, K Panawarangkul, K Sahakaro and B Ellis. Performance of pineapple leaf fiber- natural rubber composites: The effect of fiber surface treatments. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006; 102, 1974-84.
NM Stark, RH White, SA Mueller and TA Osswald. Evaluation of various fire retardants for use in wood flour polyethylene composites. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2010; 95, 1903-10.
F Samyn, S Bourbigot, S Duquesne and R Delobel. Effect of zinc borate on the thermal degradation of ammonium polyphosphate. Thermochim. Acta 2007; 456, 134-44.
MBA Bakar, ZAM Ishak, RM Taib, HD Rozman and SM Jani. Flammability and mechanical properties of wood flour-filled polypropylene composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010; 116, 2714-22.
C Formicola, A De Fenzo, M Zarrelli, A Frache, M Giordano and G Camino. Synergistic effects of zinc borate and aluminium trihydroxide on flammability behaviour of aerospace epoxy system. Express Polym. Lett. 2009; 3, 376-84.
UA Pinto, LLY Visconte, J Gallo and RCR Nunes. Flame retardancy in thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) with mica and aluminum trihydrate (ATH). Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2000; 69, 257-60.
M Garcia, J Hidalgo, I Garmendia and J Garcia. Wood-plastics composites with better fire retardancy and durability performance. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2007; 40, 1772-6.
P Gao and Y Zhang. Synthesis and characterization of zinc borate nanowhiskers and their inflaming retarding effect in polystyrene. J. Nanomater. 2015; 2015, 925060.
N Ayrilmis. Combined effect of boron and compatibilizer on dimensional and mechanical properties of wood/HDPE composites. Compos. Part B Eng. 2013; 44, 745-9.
L Danyadi, T Janecska, Z Szabo, G Nagy, J Moczo and B Pukanszky. Wood flour filled PP composites: Compatibilization and adhesion. Compos. Sci. Tech. 2007; 67, 2838-46.
P Mareri, S Bastide, N Binda and A Crespy. Mechanical behaviour of polypropylene composites containing fine mineral filler: Effect of filler surface treatment. Compos. Sci. Tech. 1998; 58, 747-52.
B Li and J He. Investigation of mechanical property, flame retardancy and thermal degradation of LLDPE -wood-fiber composites. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2004; 83, 241-6.
S Chapple and R Anandjiwala. Flammability of natural fiber-reinforced composites and strategies for fire retardancy: A review. J. Thermoplast. Compos. 2010; 23, 871-93.
G Wang, P Jiang P, Z Zhu and J Yin. Structure-property relationships of LLDPE-highly filled with aluminum hydroxide. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2002; 85, 2485-90.
CM Tai and RK Li. Mechanical properties of flame retardant filled polypropylene composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2001; 80, 2718-28.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.