Effect of Modified Zarrouk’s Medium on Growth of Different Spirulina Strains

Chandrasekaran RAJASEKARAN; C. P. Mohammed AJEESH; Sundaramoorthy BALAJI; Mohan SHALINI; Ramamoorthy SIVA; Ranjan DAS; Devanand P. FULZELE; Thiagarajan KALAIVANI

Authors

Chandrasekaran RAJASEKARAN School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Tamilnadu
C. P. Mohammed AJEESH School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Tamilnadu
Sundaramoorthy BALAJI School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Tamilnadu
Mohan SHALINI School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Tamilnadu
Ramamoorthy SIVA School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Tamilnadu
Ranjan DAS Department of Crop Physiology, Assam Agriculture University, Assam
Devanand P. FULZELE Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Maharastra
Thiagarajan KALAIVANI School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Tamilnadu

Keywords:

Spirulina strains, doubling time, growth response, specific growth rate, chlorophyll A

Abstract

The effect of modified Zarrouk’s medium on the growth response of 6 different Spirulina strains was evaluated. Specific growth rate, doubling time, mean daily division rate, biomass, and chlorophyll-A contents were analyzed. Growth patterns of these strains were monitored continuously for 40 days. The results revealed significant differences in the growth parameters for different strains. S. platensis (SP-6) and S. platensis (CCMB) showed the maximum specific growth rates (µ = 6.1, µ = 5.8), doubling times (Td = 6.93, Td = 6.87), mean division rates (k = 0.27, k = 0.23) biomasses (5.1, 5.0 g/l) and chlorophyll A contents (78, 65 µg/ml) respectively, when compared with the other strains used in this study. Therefore, S. platensis (SP-6) and S. platensis (CCMB) strains can be suggested for large scale commercial cultivation with modified Zarrouk’s medium. This provides the basis of a low cost medium for cultivating Spirulina, which is known to be a promising microalgae with several benefits.

doi:10.14456/WJST.2016.7

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Chandrasekaran RAJASEKARAN, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Tamilnadu

School of Bio Sciences and Technology,

VIT University,

Vellore

References

MG Mustafa, T Umino and H Nakagawa. The effect of Spirulina feeding on muscle protein deposition in red sea bream, Pagrus major. J. Appl. Phycol. 1994; 10, 141-5.

LM Colla, CO Reinehr, C Reichert and JAV Costa. Production of biomass and nutraceutical compounds by Spirulina platensis under divergent temperature and nitrogen regimes. Bioresource Technol. 2007; 98, 1489-93.

A Belay. The potential application of Spirulina (Arthrospira) as a nutritional and therapeutic supplement in health management. J. Am. Nutraceut. Assoc. 2002; 5, 27-48.

F Hong, L Ming, Y Sheng, L Zhanxia, W Yongquan and L Chi. The antihypertensive effect of peptides: A novel alternative to drugs? Peptides 2008; 29, 1062-71.

T Hirahashi, M Matsumoto, K Hazeki, Y Saeki, M Ui and M Seya. Activation of the human innate immune system by Spirulina: Augmentation of interferon production and NK cytotoxicity by oral administration of hot water extract of Spirulina platensis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2002; 2, 423-34.

B Bermejo, PE Enrique and VDF Angelma. Neuroprotection by Spirulina platensis protean extract and phycocyanin against iron-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Toxicol. Vitro 2008; 22, 1496-502.

A Vonshak and L Tomaselli. Arthrospira (Spirulina): Systematics and Ecophysiology. In: BA Whitton and M Potts (eds.). The Ecology of Cyanobacteria, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 2000, p. 505-22.

N Simsek, A Karadeniz, Y Kalkan, O Keles and B Unal. Spirulina platensis feeding inhibited the anemia and leucopenia induced lead and cadmium in rats. Hazard. Mater. 2009; 164, 1304-9.

S Balaji, T Kalaivani and C Rajasekaran. Bio sorption of zinc and nickel and its effect on growth on different Spirulina strains. Clean Soil Air Water 2014; 42, 507-12.

O Keskinkan, O Isik, T Yilmaz, B Balci, LH Uslu and CB Ersu. Simultaneous growth of Spirulina platensis and removal of Hardness in Van Lake Water. Clean Soil Air Water 2012; 40, 34-8.

DEO Macl, MPC Monteiro, PG Robbs and SGF Leite. Growth and chemical composition of Spirulina maxima and Spirulina platensis biomass at different temperatures. Aquacult. Int. 1999; 7, 261-75.

L Binaghi, A Del borghi, A Lodi, A Converti and MD Borghi. Batch and fed-batch uptake of carbon dioxide by Spirulina platensis. Process. Biochem. 2003; 38, 1341-6.

A Vonshak. Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira). Physiology, Cell-Biology and Biotechnology. Taylor & Francis, London, 1997, p. 131-58.

C Zarrouk. 1966, Contribution a l’etude d’une Cyanobacterie: Inﬂuence de Divers Facteurs Physiques et Chimiques sur la Croissanceet la Photosynthese de Spirulina maxima (Setchell et Gardner) Geitler. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Paris, France.

P Dalgaard and K Koutsoumanis. Comparison of maximum specific growth rates and lag times estimated from absorbance and viable count data by different mathematical models. J. Microbiol. Meth. 2001; 43, 183-94.

PR Pai, A Manasa, T Kalaivani, CPM Ajeesh, C Rajasekaran and BN Prasad. Simplified Cost Effective Media Variants for the Rapid Culture of Spirulina platensis. Recent Advances in Biotechnology, Excel India Publishers, New Delhi, 2008, p. 1-129.

HW Jannasch and T Egli. Microbial growth kinetics: A historical perspective. Antonie Leeuwenhoek 1993; 63, 213-24.

B Raoof, BD Kaushik and R Prasanna. Formulation of a low cost medium for mass production of Spirulina. Biomass Bioenerg. 2006; 30, 537-42.

FF Madkour, AE Kamil and HS Nasr. Production and nutritive value of Spirulina platensis in reduced cost media. Egypt. J. Aquat. Res. 2012; 38, 51-7.

RJ Ritchie. Consistent sets of spectrophotometric chlorophyll equations for acetone, methanol and ethanol solvents. Photosyn. Res. 2006; 89, 27‐41.

S Bhattacharya and MK Shivaprakash. Evaluation of three Spirulina species grown under similar conditions for their growth and biochemicals. J. Sci. Food. Agric. 2004; 85, 333-6.

HK Madhyastha and TM Vatsala. Pigment production in Spirulina fusiform is in different photophysical conditions. Biomol. Eng. 2007; 24, 301-5.

GZ de Caire, JL Parada, MC Zaccaro and MMS de Cano. Effect of Spirulina platensis biomass on the growth of lactic acid bacteria in milk. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2000; 16, 563-5.

CO Rangel-Yagui, EDG Danesi, JCM Carvalho and S Sato. Chlorophyll production from Spirulina platensis: cultivation with urea addition by fed-batch process. Bioresource Technol. 2004; 92, 133-41.

RP Anupama. Value-added food: Single cell protein. Biotechnol. Adv. 2000; 18, 459-79.

T Gireesh, A Jayadeep, KN Rajasekharan, VP Menon, M Vairamany, G Tang, PP Nair and PR Sudhakaran. Production of deuterated β-carotene by metabolic labelling of Spirulina platensis. Biotechnol. Lett. 2001; 23, 447-9.

YK Lee. Commercial production of microalgae in the Asia Pacific rim. J. Appl. Phycol. 1997; 9, 403-11.

DM Li and YZ Qi. Spirulina industry in China: Present status and future prospects. J. Appl. Phycol. 1997; 9, 25-8.

N Subhasha, P Monika and S Rupali. Effect of nitrogen on growth and lipid content of chlorella pyrenoidosa. Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2011; 7, 124-9.

Olivia, Available at: http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-sodium-and-vs-potassium, accessed May 2011.