Study of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of LLDPE/Sugarcane bagasse/Eggshell Hybrid Biocomposites
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2019.4261Keywords:
Sugarcane bagasse, eggshell, linear low-density polyethylene, thermal properties, mechanical propertiesAbstract
Thermal and mechanical properties of neat linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) hybrid biocomposite with sugarcane bagasse and eggshell as a reinforcing filler were investigated. Hybrid biocomposites with sugarcane bagasse/eggshell was varied in the range of 6/4, 12/8, 17/13, 20/20, 13/17, 8/12, and 4/6 wt.%, were prepared and examined. The sugarcane bagasse fiber (Sb) was surface-treated using a silane coupling agent (3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate) and eggshell (Es) was treated using titanium (IV) isopropoxide. The results showed that high calcium oxide content was 99 % by weight in eggshell and silicon dioxide content was 50 % by weight in sugarcane bagasse. The tensile and flexural modulus and hardness of the composites with treated Sb/Es were higher than that of the untreated. These values of the LLDPE/Sb/Es composites increased with Sb/Es content. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show interesting trends in term of the influence of Sb/Es content, both with untreated and treated Sb/Es on the crystallization behavior of the composites but the melting and cold crystallization temperature of its composites did not obviously change. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated their thermal stability of the composites, both untreated and surface-treated Sb/Es were lower than that of neat LLDPE. The sample molded from the biocomposite with surface-treated Sb/Es particles showed better dispersion of the materials inside.Downloads
Metrics
References
WU Yepes, JC Posada, LY Jaramillo and JD Sierra. Study of mechanical and physical properties of LLDPE-G-MA injection grade reinforced with coffee husk post-industrial waste. J. Compos. Mater. 2017; 51, 419-29.
W Sitticharoen, A Chainawakul, T Sangkas and Y Kuntham. Rheological and mechanical properties of silica-based bagasse-fiber-ash-reinforced recycled HDPE composites. Mech. Compos. Mater. 2016; 52, 421-32.
J Kajaks, Z Zelca and S Kukle. The effect of modification methods on the performance characteristics of composites based on a linear low-density polyethylene and natural hemp fibers. Mech. Compos. Mater. 2015; 51, 677-82.
H Peltola, E Pääkkönen, P Jetsu and S Heinemann. Wood based PLA and PP composites: Effect of fibre type and matrix polymer on fibre morphology, dispersion and composite properties. Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2014; 61, 13-22.
Office of Cane and Sugar Board. Report on Total Cane Crushing and Sugar Production 2014/2015. Thailand: Ministry of Industry, 2015.
DR Mulinari, HJC Voorwald, MOH Cioffi, MLCP Da Silva and SM Luz. Preparation and properties of HDPE/sugarcane bagasse cellulose composites obtained for thermokinetic mixer. Carbohydr. Polym. 2009; 75, 317-21.
SM Luz, JD Tio, GJM Rocha, AR Gonçalves and APD Arco Jr. Cellulose and cellulignin from sugarcane bagasse reinforced polypropylene composites: Effect of acetylation on mechanical and thermal properties. Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2008; 39, 1362-69.
A Ashori, S Sheshmani and F Farhani. Preparation and characterization of bagasse/HDPE composites using multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbohydr. Polym. 2013; 92, 865-71.
Y Lei, Q Wu, F Yao and Y Xu. Preparation and properties of recycled HDPE/natural fiber composites. Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2007; 38, 1664-74.
TA Hassan,VK Rangari, RK Rana and S Jeelani. Sonochemical effect on size reduction of CaCO3 nanoparticles derived from waste eggshells. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2013; 20, 1308-15.
YS Ok, SS Lee, WT Jeon, SE Oh, ARA Usman and DH Moon. Application of eggshell waste for the immobilization of cadmium and lead in a contaminated soil. Environ. Geochem. Health 2011; 33, 31-9.
H Khandelwal and S Prakash. Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite powder by eggshell. J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng. 2016; 4, 119-26.
S Wang, MH Wei and YM Huang. Biosorption of multifold toxic heavy metal ionsfrom aqueous water onto food residue eggshell membrane functionalized with ammonium thioglycolate. J.Agric. Food Chem. 2013; 61, 4988-96.
S Yoo, JS Hsieh, P Zou and J Kokoszka. Utilization of calcium carbonate particles from eggshell waste as coating pigments for ink-jet printing paper. Bioresour. Tech. 2009; 100, 6416-21.
T Boronat, V Fombuena, D Garcia-Sanoguera, L Sanchez-Nacher and R Balart. Development of a biocomposite based on green polyethylene biopolymer and eggshell. Mater. Des. 2015; 68, 177-85.
M Bootklad and K Kaewtatip. Biodegradation of thermoplastic starch/eggshell powder composites. Carbohydr. Polym. 2013; 97, 315-20.
C Fragassa, A Pavlovic and C Santulli. Mechanical and impact characterisation of flax and basalt fibre vinylester composites and their hybrids. Compos. Part B: Eng. 2018; 137, 247-59.
MS Huda, LT Drzal, AK Mohanty and M Misra. The effect of silane treated-and untreated-talc on the mechanical and physic-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/newspaper fibers/talc hybrid composites. Compos. Part B: Eng. 2007; 38, 367-79.
M Aslan, M Tufan and T Küçükömeroğlu. Tribological and mechanical performance of sisal-filled waste carbon and glass fibre hybrid composites. Compos. Part B: Eng. 2018; 140, 241-49.
O Senturk, AE Senturk and M Palabiyik. Evaluation of hybrid effect on the thermomechanical and mechanical properties of calcite/SGF/PP hybrid composites. Compos. Part B: Eng. 2018; 140, 68-77.
LJ da Silva, TH Panzera, VR Velloso, AL Christoforo and F Scarpa. Hybrid polymeric composites reinforced with sisal fibres and silica microparticles. Compos. Part B: Eng. 2012; 43, 3436-44.
DR Mulinari, HJC Voorwald, MOH Cioffi, MLCP Da Silva, TG Da Cruz and C Saron. Sugarcane bagasse cellulose/HDPE composites obtained by extrusion. Compos. Sci. Tech. 2009; 69, 214-9.
JO Agunsoye and VS Aigbodion. Bagasse filled recycled polyethylene bio-composites: Morphological and mechanical properties study. Results Phys. 2013; 3, 187-94.
NR Galina, CMR Luna, GLAF Arce and I Avila. Comparative study on combustion and oxy-fuel combustion environments using mixtures of coal with sugarcane bagasse and biomass sorghum bagasse by the thermogravimetric analysis. J. Energ. Inst. 2019; 92, 741-54.
JL Guimarães, E Frollini, CG da Silva, F Wypych and KG Satyanarayana. Characterization of banana, sugarcane bagasse and sponge gourd fibers of Brazil. Ind. Crops. Prod. 2009; 30, 407-15.
H Quan, ZM Li, MB Yang and R Huang. On transcrystallinity in semi-crystalline polymer composites. Compos. Sci. Tech. 2005; 65, 999-1021.
N Sombatsompop, A Kositchaiyong and E Wimolmala. Experimental analysis of temperature and crystallinity profiles of wood sawdust/polypropylene composites during cooling. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006; 102, 1896-905.
MA Sawpan, KL Pickering and A Fernyhough. Improvement of mechanical performance of industrial hemp fibre reinforced polylactide biocomposites. Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2011; 42, 310-19.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.