Microencapsulation of Citronella Oil with Carboxymethylated Tamarind Gum

Authors

  • Keonakhone KHOUNVILAY Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburyi 20131
  • Berta Nogueiro ESTEVINHO Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465
  • Fernando Alberto ROCHA Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465
  • José María OLIVEIRA Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057
  • António VICENTE Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057
  • Wancheng SITTIKIJYOTHIN Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburyi 20131

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2018.3303

Keywords:

Citronella oil, tamarind gum, microencapsulation, carboxymethylation, spray-drying

Abstract

Tamarind gum (TG) and carboxymethylated tamarind gum (CTG) were used as wall material to prepare citronella oil microcapsules by spray-drying. The aim of this work was to study the effect of wall-to-core ratio and fluid viscosity on emulsion droplet and microcapsule size, in order to maximize encapsulation efficiency (EE). EE was directly influenced by gum-to-oil ratio variations. Results showed that emulsion droplet size (D32) of CTG ranged between 0.18 to1.31 mm, smaller than those obtained for TG, which ranged from 0.87 to 2.91 mm. CTG microcapsules had a smooth surface and a spherical shape, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface oil content and total oil content affected encapsulation efficiency. TG microcapsules showed lower EE than CTG microcapsules, which was related to the viscosity of gum to oil ratio. The maximum EE occurred at 1.14 gum to oil ratio for CTG microcapsules (87 %).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

X Huang, Y Feng, Y Huang and H Li. Chemical composition, antioxidant and the possible use as skin-care ingredient of clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry) and citronella oil (Cymbopogon goeringii) from China. J. Essent. Oil Res. 2013; 25, 315-23.

LS Nerio, J Olivero-Verbel and E Stashenko. Repellent activity of essential oils: A review. Bioresour. Technol. 2010; 101, 372-8.

MF Maia and SJ Moore. Plant-based insect repellents: A review of their efficacy, development and testing. Malar. J. 2011; 10, S11.

B Solomon, FF Sahle, T Gebre-Mariam, K Asres and RHH Neubert. Microencapsulation of citronella oil for mosquito-repellent application: Formulation and in vitro permeation studies. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2012; 80, 61-6.

WC Hsieh, CP Chang and YL Gao. Controlled release properties of chitosan encapsulated volatile citronella oil microcapsules by thermal treatments. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 2006; 53, 209-14.

SN Rodrigues, I Fernandes, IM Martins, VG Mata, F Barreiro and AE Rodrigues. Microencapsulation of limonene for textile application. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008; 47, 4142-7.

A Gharsallaoui, G Roudaut, O Chambin, A Voilley and R Saurel. Applications of spray-drying in microencapsulation of food ingredients: An overview. Food Res. Int. 2007; 40, 1107-21.

TY SHEU and M Rosenberg. Microencapsulation by spray drying ethyl caprylate in whey protein and carbohydrate wall systems. J. Food Sci. 1995; 60, 98-103.

R Baranauskien, PR Venskutonis, K Dewettinck and R Verhé. Properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus G.) and marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.) flavors encapsulated into milk protein-based matrices. Food Res. Int. 2006; 39, 413-25.

MM Specos, JJ García, J Tornesello, P Marino, M Della Vecchia, MD Tesoriero and LG Hermida. Microencapsulated citronella oil for mosquito repellent finishing of cotton textiles. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2010; 104, 653-8.

TA Jó, DF Petri, LM Beltramini, N Lucyszyn and MR Sierakowski. Xyloglucan nano-aggregates: Physico-chemical characterisation in buffer solution and potential application as a carrier for camptothecin, an anti-cancer drug. Carbohydr. Polym. 2010; 82, 355-62.

Y Ren, DR Picout, PR Ellis, SB Ross-Murphy and JSG Reid. A novel xyloglucan from seeds of Afzelia africana Se. Pers.--extraction, characterization, and conformational properties. Carbohydr. Res. 2005; 340, 997-1005.

S Pal, S Ghosh, G Sen, U Jha and RP Singh. Cationic tamarind kernel polysaccharide (Cat TKP): A novel polymeric flocculant for the treatment of textile industry wastewater. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2009; 45, 518-23.

MH Abo-Shosha, NA Ibrahim, E Allam and E El-Zairy. Preparation and characterization of polyacrylic acid/karaya gum and polyacrylic acid/tamarind seed gum adducts and utilization in textile printing. Carbohydr. Polym. 2008; 74, 241-9.

N Dilbaghi, H Kaur, M Ahuja and S Kumar. Evaluation of tropicamide-loaded tamarind seed xyloglucan nanoaggregates for ophthalmic delivery. Carbohydr. Polym. 2013; 94, 286-91.

P Goyal, V Kumar and P Sharma. Carboxymethylation of tamarind kernel powder. Carbohydr. Polym. 2007; 69, 251-5.

G Lu, L Kong, B Sheng, G Wang, Y Gong and X Zhang. Degradation of covalently cross-linked carboxymethyl chitosan and its potential application for peripheral nerve regeneration. Eur. Polym. J. 2007; 43, 3807-18.

KS Parvathy, NS Susheelamma, RN Tharanathan and AK Gaonkar. A simple non-aqueous method for carboxymethylation of galactomannans. Carbohydr. Polym. 2005; 62, 137-41.

H Kaur, M Ahuja, S Kumar and N Dilbaghi. Carboxymethyl tamarind kernel polysaccharide nanoparticles for ophthalmic drug delivery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2012; 50, 833-9.

N Devi and TK Maji. Study of complex coacervation of gelatin a with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: Microencapsulation of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed oil (NSO). Int. J. Polym. Mater. 2011; 60, 1091-105.

T Reddy and S Tammishetti. Gastric resistant microbeads of metal ion cross-linked carboxymethyl guar gum for oral drug delivery. J. Microencapsul. 2002; 19, 311-8.

S Pal, G Sen, S Mishra, RK Dey and U Jha. Carboxymethyl tamarind: Synthesis, characterization and its application as novel drug-delivery agent. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008; 110, 392-400.

A Koocheki and R Kadkhodaee. Effect of Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum, Tween 80 and NaCl on droplets characteristics, flow properties and physical stability of ultrasonically prepared corn oil-in-water emulsions. Food Hydrocoll. 2011; 25, 1149-57.

TV Huynh, N Caffin, GA Dykes and B Bhandari. Optimization of the microencapsulation of lemon myrtle oil using response surface methodology. Dry. Tech. 2008; 26, 357-68.

A Soottitantawat, K Takayama, K Okamura, D Muranaka, H Yoshii, T Furuta, M Ohkawara and P Linko. Microencapsulation of l-menthol by spray drying and its release characteristics. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Tech. 2005; 6, 163-70.

RVTonon, CR Grosso and MD Hubinger. Influence of emulsion composition and inlet air temperature on the microencapsulation of flaxseed oil by spray drying. Food Res. Int. 2011; 44, 282-9.

J Tian, J Yin, X Tang, J Chen, X Luo and G Rao. Enhanced leaching process of a low-grade weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with carboxymethyl sesbania gum. Hydrometallurgy 2013; 139, 124-31.

X Wang, Z Zhang and M Zhao. Carboxymethylation of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis for antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015; 72, 526-30.

ZJ Wang, JH Xie, MY Shen, W Tang, H Wang, SP Nie and MY Xie. Carboxymethylation of polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus and their characterization and antioxidant properties evaluation. Carbohydr. Polym. 2016; 136, 988-94.

S Wang, L He, J Guo, J Zhao and H Tang. Intrinsic viscosity and rheological properties of natural and substituted guar gums in seawater. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015; 76, 262-8.

ASL Lim and YH Roos. Spray drying of high hydrophilic solids emulsions with layered interface and trehalose-maltodextrin as glass formers for carotenoids stabilization. J. Food Eng. 2016; 171, 174-84.

SM Jafari, P Beheshti and E Assadpoor. Rheological behavior and stability of D-limonene emulsions made by a novel hydrocolloid (Angum gum) compared with Arabic gum. J. Food Eng. 2012; 109, 1-8.

DA Botrel, SV Borges, RVB Fernandes, AD Viana, JMG da Costa and GR Marques. Evaluation of spray drying conditions on properties of microencapsulated oregano essential oil. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. 2012; 47, 2289-96.

HC Carneiro, RV Tonon, CR Grosso and MD Hubinger. Encapsulation efficiency and oxidative stability of flaxseed oil microencapsulated by spray drying using different combinations of wall materials. J. Food Eng. 2013; 115, 443-51.

AACT Hijo, JMG da Costa, EK Silva, VM Azevedo, MI Yoshida and SV Borges. Physical and thermal properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil microparticles. J. Food Process Eng. 2015; 38, 1-10.

R Timung, CR Barik, S Purohit and VV Goud. Composition and anti-bacterial activity analysis of citronella oil obtained by hydrodistillation: Process optimization study. Ind. Crops Prod. 2016; 94, 178-88.

EC Frascareli, VM Silva, RV Tonon and MD Hubinger. Effect of process conditions on the microencapsulation of coffee oil by spray drying. Food Bioprod. Process. 2012; 90, 413-24.

P Roccia, ML Martínez, JM Llabot and PD Ribotta. Influence of spray-drying operating conditions on sunflower oil powder qualities. Powder Tech. 2014; 254, 307-13.

Downloads

Published

2017-10-31

How to Cite

KHOUNVILAY, K., ESTEVINHO, B. N., ROCHA, F. A., OLIVEIRA, J. M., VICENTE, A., & SITTIKIJYOTHIN, W. (2017). Microencapsulation of Citronella Oil with Carboxymethylated Tamarind Gum. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST), 15(7), 515–527. https://doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2018.3303