Anti-HIV-1 Protease Activity of Compounds from Cassia garrettiana

Kingkan BUNLUEPUECH; Supinya TEWTRAKUL; Chatchai WATTANAPIROMSAKUL

Authors

Kingkan BUNLUEPUECH Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112
Supinya TEWTRAKUL Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112
Chatchai WATTANAPIROMSAKUL Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112

Keywords:

Anti-HIV-1 protease activity, longevity preparations, Cassia garrettiana, Thai plants

Abstract

For the purpose of discovering anti-HIV-1 agents from Thai plant preparations with a history of use in Thai traditional medicine as agents assisting health longevity, aqueous and ethanol extracts from 24 Thai plants were screened for their inhibitory activities against HIV-1 protease (PR) using an anti-HIV-1 PR assay. Five extracts (10 %), 3 ethanol and 2 water, from only 4 plants, Cassia garrettiana, Dioscorea bulbifera, Albizia procera, and Areca catechu, produced extracts with IC₅₀ values of < 45 µg/ml. Thirty five extracts (90 %) had no detectable activity, with IC₅₀values >100 µg/ml. The ethanol extracts of Cassia garrettiana (heartwood), Areca catechu, and Dioscorea bulbifera were the most potent, with IC₅₀ values of 15.6, 24.9, and 44.4 µg/ml, respectively. For the water extracts, the most potent activity was found in Albizia procera (bark) and Cassia garrettiana (heartwood), with IC₅₀values of 22.6 and 26.8 µg/ml, respectively. Pure compounds from ethanol extracts of Cassia garrettiana (heartwood) were separated to give 5 compounds, chrysophanol (1), piceatannol (2), aloe-emodin (3), emodin (4), and cassigarol E (5). Of the tested samples, piceatannol (2) showed the highest anti-HIV-1 PR activity (IC₅₀ = 48.29 µM), whereas the % inhibition (mean±S.E.M., n=3) produced by 100 µM of cassigarol E (5), aloe-emodin (3), chrysophanol (1), and emodin (4) were only 27.64±3.8, 27.20±0.7, 26.66±0.6, and 4.52±1.9, respectively.

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